Parental refusal of routine childhood vaccination remains an ethically contested area. This systematic review sought to explore and characterise the normative arguments made about parental refusal of routine vaccination, with the aim of providing researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with a synthesis of current normative literature.
Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to improve aspects of healthcare. However, studies have shown that healthcare AI algorithms also have the potential to perpetuate existing inequities in healthcare, performing less effectively for marginalised populations. Studies on public attitudes towards AI outside of [...]
Prioritisation of clinical trials ensures that the research conducted meets the needs of stakeholders, makes the best use of resources and avoids duplication. The aim of this review was to identify and critically appraise approaches to research prioritisation applicable to clinical trials, to inform best [...]
Harms in clinical trials may be characterised by adverse events (AEs) and adverse reactions. Both terms refer to untoward medical occurrences in a trial participant, but the second term presumes causation and is reserved for events directly attributed to the investigational treatment. Harms reporting in [...]
In recent years, innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of new healthcare AI (HCAI) technologies. Whilst some of these technologies show promise for improving the patient experience, ethicists have warned that AI can introduce and exacerbate harms and wrongs in healthcare.
Who is responsible for promoting the research needed to address treatment uncertainties and thus reduce harmful elements of healthcare? A wide range of people could be considered to share in this collective responsibility, including research funders, researchers, health professionals and patient groups. A particularly heavy [...]
The use of genomic testing in pregnancy is increasing, giving rise to questions over how the information that is generated should be offered and returned in clinical practice. While these tests provide important information for prenatal decision-making, they can also generate information of uncertain significance. [...]
This paper is one of the first to analyse the ethical implications of specific healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) applications, and the first to provide a detailed analysis of AI-based systems for clinical decision support. AI is increasingly being deployed across multiple domains. In response, a [...]
Healthcare is a rapidly expanding area of application for Artificial Intelligence (AI). Although there is considerable excitement about its potential, there are also substantial concerns about the negative impacts of these technologies. Since screening and diagnostic AI tools now have the potential to fundamentally change [...]
A man walks up to a stranger with a loaded gun, points it at his head, and pulls the trigger. All of us can recognise that this is morally wrong, whether we pay attention to the consequences (the stranger dies), duties (we ought not kill [...]