Cancer screening aims to reduce morbidity and mortality through early detection of preclinical disease. These potential benefits must be weighed against potential harms from diagnostic procedures, induced anxiety, false-positive or false-negative results and the detection of ‘indolent’ cancers, otherwise known as overdiagnosis.
To estimate the long term risk of distant metastases (DM) for women with initial diagnoses of non-metastatic breast cancer; to estimate breast cancer-specific and overall survival for women with DM.
The interpretation of the risk ratio as an effect measure in a clinical trial is naïve and better replaced by its interpretation as a likelihood ratio. The ratio of the complementary risk ratio's (or likelihood ratio's) is what should actually be interpreted as an effect [...]
The purpose of this study was to assess if severity of radiographic changes of knee arthritis was associated with patient improvement after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesised that patients with mild arthritis were more likely to report lower satisfaction, improvement in knee function and [...]
This trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of a public health campaign to increase people’s confidence in becoming more active despite low back pain in comparison with no intervention.
This study provides valuable insights into genetic testing approaches in the inherited cardiac diseases, and the beneficial impact a positive gene result can have on diagnosis, clinical management, and predictive testing in the family.
In this era of ‘Choosing Wisely,’ we present a four-step action plan to reduce unnecessary pathology testing and the associated patient harm (blood loss through repeated phlebotomy), economic cost and environmental impact. The authors are experts from the CODA group; a medical education and health-promotion charity that [...]
There is a paucity of high-quality evidence about the long-term effects (ie. 3-5 years and beyond) of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy vs exercise-based physical therapy for patients with degenerative meniscal tears. The findings of this trial support the recommendation that exercise-based physical therapy should be the [...]
There is no international consensus for the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In March 2020, modified screening and diagnostic recommendations were rapidly implemented in Queensland, Australia, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to understand clinicians' perceptions [...]
To facilitate implementation of home-based care following an elective total knee or hip replacement in a private hospital, we explored patient and caregiver barriers and enablers and components of care that may increase its acceptability.